Absolute: Malignant diseases of the genital tract, vag bleeding, pregnancy, history of ectopic pregnancy or predisposing factors, genital tract infection, STD during the last 12 mth (except bacterial vaginitis, repeated herpes infection, hepatitis B), abortion w/ infection during the last 3 mth, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine malformations (congenital or acquired), allergy to copper.
Relative: Valvular heart disease, anaemia, coagulation disorders, anti-inflammatory treatment, Wilson's disease, multiple sexual partners, nulliparity.